FURTWÄNGLER Wagner Ring Cycle: 4. Götterdämmerung (1950, La Scala) - PACO093

As an owner of the Murray Hill LPs that the Furtwängler Ring appeared on, let me say that I’m astonished at how good these CDs sound—this is some resuscitation! I still entertain my reservations about the casts; much of my pleasure in these performances comes from the pit and the podium, especially the latter. Back in 1950, when these performances were (fortunately) preserved, who would have guessed at the number of complete recordings of Der Ring des Nibelungen would have been issued by now, so many of them good ones? Conductors such as Karajan, Keilberth, Kempe, Knappertsbusch, and Krauss have had their say; in fact, one doesn’t have to have a surname beginning with the letter K to conduct the Ring operas well—witness the various operas that were recorded by Dohnányi (unfortunately, only Das Rheingold and Die Walküre), Haitink, Levine, Sawallisch, Solti, Weigle, and Young. Nevertheless, I think the maestro who would conduct my all-time Ring is the man who led these Milan performances and then surpassed them in Rome three years later. I wonder how Pristine’s transfer of the RAI Ring sounds—the RAI recording was kinder to the singers, whereas the sonic balance in these La Scala performances definitely favors the orchestra. This doesn’t trouble me because, for me, that is the principal attraction of these performances. Some listeners may even like the fact that the singers sound like they are up there on a stage and you’re hearing them from the auditorium. The imbalance does take much of the authority from some of the cast but not from its oldest member, Kirsten Flagstad, the only one other than Ludwig Weber to have been born in the previous century—no one is going to drown her out and, while she may choose to skip a few high notes, her voice sounds healthy and powerful and she even seems attentive to the text.

In Siegfried, she’s joined by a longtime colleague, Set Svanholm, surely the greatest of the post-Melchior Siegfrieds (some people even preferred him). For two acts, he sings with his expected authority, including a terrific forging scene. In act III, Furtwängler omits a huge chunk of the Siegfried/Wanderer confrontation. This relatively brief scene is not normally a candidate for cuts and, given the events of the following scene, I think I know why, for, as scene 3 progresses, it becomes apparent that Svanholm is a singer in distress, grabbing for top notes and occasionally attacking just under them. He manages to get through it without any major mishaps but you can sense his fatigue. Was he indisposed or merely tired? Fortunately, there are two studio recordings of the scene which demonstrate what he could actually do with the music, one with Flagstad, the other with Eileen Farrell (a dream Brünnhilde). Peter Markwort is a suitably cringing, whining Mime—central Europe seems to produce a lot of good Mimes; I wish they could produce a few more good Siegfrieds. As his equally evil brother, Alois Pernerstorfer fills the role adequately, though I’ve heard more menacing ones. Josef Herrmann strikes me as a relatively weak Wanderer, lacking the authority of some later Wanderers. Next to Flagstad, the strongest voices belong to Ludwig Weber (Fafner) and Elisabeth Höngen (Erda), neither of whom is on stage for very long. What makes the performance special is the intensity and rhythmic suppleness of Furtwängler—the subtle way he underlines passages, the way the tempo expands and contracts, the intensity of the playing. This is a good orchestra, but he wasn’t necessarily the easiest conductor in the world to follow. They probably had had little experience with him, but they certainly rise to the occasion with minimal mishaps.

The same thing goes for the playing and conducting in Götterdämmerung. Flagstad pours it on—the quality of her voice and her stamina are remarkable. The Siegfried, Max Lorenz, gets credit for stamina, too; even in “Siegfried’s Death,” he can still get the high notes out, but what used to be a voice with some metal in it had apparently become merely generic by 1950. Having sung the role many times, he knows what he’s doing and gets the message across, but there’s little pleasure to be had from his voice, per se. Weber is a relatively subtle Hagen but has the power when he chooses to unleash it; personally, I prefer an even darker voice in the role, like those of, say, Ludwig Hoffmann or Gottlob Frick. Josef Hermann seems to find Gunther to be a more congenial role than the Wanderer, though he hardly compares with such later ones as Stewart and Uhde. He just can’t “do” much with his voice. I will yield to the temptation to refer to “the thankless role of Gutrune” (which is almost a cliché) and sympathize with Hilde Konetzni, who sings it so well. As Waltraute, Elisabeth Höngen holds her own with Flagstad in their big scene—what more praise can I give? The various Norns (Konetzni doubles as number three) and Rheinmaidens are fine. I might mention that Wieland Wagner thought the Norns scene was superfluous and actually considered cutting it when the opera was presented at Bayreuth. Furtwängler began a studio Ring with the Vienna Philharmonic but, alas, only managed to finish Die Walküre before his death. That would have been a Ring to reckon with—some of it might have even ended up being recorded stereophonically and competed with Karajan and Solti’s later ones. In any case, we can consider ourselves fortunate to have two very listenable Furtwängler Rings along with so many other good ones.

James Miller
This article originally appeared in Issue 37:2 (Nov/Dec 2013) of Fanfare Magazine.